<h2>self_report</h2><br>N Studies = 39 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 78; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 39)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.5983 0.7735 39 no sens
tau^2.2 1.3843 1.1766 39 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 39
spec -0.3138 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 76) = 1025.2510, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 164.7769, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
outcomesens 1.4343 0.1416 10.1304 <.0001 1.1568 1.7118 ***
outcomespec 0.9784 0.1974 4.9555 <.0001 0.5915 1.3654 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
**I-squared for Sensitivity:** 29.33%<p>**I-squared for Specificity:** 67.87%<p>
<h3>Discrepant Studies</h3><br>Discrepant studies are those where the value for
sensitivity and specificity that we calculate are > 1% different
than the value that is in the paper.No discrepant studies. <p><h3>Neurotypical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled as Neurotypical
with all other studies.```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 78; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 39)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.5950 0.7714 39 no sens
tau^2.2 1.2776 1.1303 39 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 39
spec -0.3743 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 74) = 988.4096, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 186.3912, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.3749 0.1864 7.3765 <.0001 1.0096
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.5094 0.2161 6.9851 <.0001 1.0859
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.6297 0.2453 2.5676 0.0102 0.1490
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.5006 0.3014 4.9792 <.0001 0.9099
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.7403 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.9330 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 1.1104 *
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 2.0913 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:---------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens | 0.798| 0.733| 0.851|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens | 0.819| 0.748| 0.874|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec | 0.652| 0.537| 0.752|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec | 0.818| 0.713| 0.890|
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.1345 0.2854 0.4713 0.6374
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.2221, p-val = 0.6374
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.8708 0.3886 2.2413 0.0250 *
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 5.0232, p-val = 0.0250
```
<h3>Comorbiditises Only</h3><p>Compare co-NA studies with any other comborbidity. <p>N Studies = 39 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 78; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 39)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.5893 0.7677 39 no sens
tau^2.2 1.4009 1.1836 39 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 39
spec -0.3019 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 74) = 1020.6790, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 164.9986, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 1.5232 0.1646 9.2543 <.0001 1.2006
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 1.1900 0.2715 4.3835 <.0001 0.6579
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 0.8800 0.2358 3.7325 0.0002 0.4179
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 1.2235 0.3682 3.3225 0.0009 0.5017
ci.ub
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 1.8458 ***
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 1.7221 ***
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.3421 ***
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 1.9452 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for comorbidity vs not<p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.821| 0.769| 0.864|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.767| 0.659| 0.848|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.707| 0.603| 0.793|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.773| 0.623| 0.875|
```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.3332 0.3175 -1.0497 0.2939
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 1.1018, p-val = 0.2939
```
Test of difference in specificity for comorbidity vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.3435 0.4372 0.7856 0.4321
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.6171, p-val = 0.4321
```
<h3>Neurotypical Only vs Clinical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled Neurotypical
with those students that were labelled Clinical. If the study was not
labelled with either, or was labelled with both, it is not included.N Studies = 39 <p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.821| 0.769| 0.864|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.767| 0.659| 0.848|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.707| 0.603| 0.793|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.773| 0.623| 0.875|
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 68; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 34)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.5316 0.7291 34 no sens
tau^2.2 1.2446 1.1156 34 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 34
spec -0.4326 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 64) = 861.1957, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 162.7099, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.3651 0.1779 7.6728 <.0001 1.0164
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.5751 0.2515 6.2627 <.0001 1.0821
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.6300 0.2422 2.6007 0.0093 0.1552
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.0835 0.3545 3.0561 0.0022 0.3886
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.7138 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 2.0680 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 1.1048 **
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.7784 **
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs clinical <p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.2100 0.3081 0.6816 0.4955
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.4645, p-val = 0.4955
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs clinical<p><h2>peer_rating</h2><br>N Studies = 3 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 6; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 3)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 1.4117 1.1882 3 no sens
tau^2.2 0.2326 0.4823 3 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 3
spec -1.0000 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 4) = 16.1994, p-val = 0.0028
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 43.0709, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
outcomesens 1.4069 0.7286 1.9308 0.0535 -0.0213 2.8350 .
outcomespec 0.9231 0.3472 2.6589 0.0078 0.2426 1.6035 **
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
**I-squared for Sensitivity:** 79.33%<p>**I-squared for Specificity:** 13.07%<p>
<h3>Discrepant Studies</h3><br>Discrepant studies are those where the value for
sensitivity and specificity that we calculate are > 1% different
than the value that is in the paper.No discrepant studies. <p><h3>Neurotypical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled as Neurotypical
with all other studies.```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 6; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 3)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 1.3801 1.1748 3 no sens
tau^2.2 0.2764 0.5257 3 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 3
spec -1.0000 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 2) = 7.9550, p-val = 0.0187
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 45.6430, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.9781 0.9010 2.1954 0.0281 0.2121
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 0.3773 1.2043 0.3133 0.7541 -1.9831
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.7330 0.4381 1.6732 0.0943 -0.1256
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.2528 0.7005 1.7884 0.0737 -0.1202
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 3.7440 *
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 2.7377
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 1.5916 .
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 2.6257 .
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:---------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens | 0.878| 0.553| 0.977|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens | 0.593| 0.121| 0.939|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec | 0.675| 0.469| 0.831|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec | 0.778| 0.470| 0.932|
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -1.6008 1.5041 -1.0643 0.2872
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 1.1328, p-val = 0.2872
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.5198 0.8262 0.6291 0.5293
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.3958, p-val = 0.5293
```
<h3>Comorbiditises Only</h3><p>Compare co-NA studies with any other comborbidity. <p>N Studies = 3 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 6; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 3)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 1.3801 1.1748 3 no sens
tau^2.2 0.2764 0.5257 3 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 3
spec -1.0000 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 2) = 7.9550, p-val = 0.0187
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 45.6430, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 0.3773 1.2043 0.3133 0.7541 -1.9831
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 1.9781 0.9010 2.1954 0.0281 0.2121
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.2528 0.7005 1.7884 0.0737 -0.1202
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 0.7330 0.4381 1.6732 0.0943 -0.1256
ci.ub
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 2.7377
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 3.7440 *
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 2.6257 .
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 1.5916 .
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for comorbidity vs not<p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.593| 0.121| 0.939|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.878| 0.553| 0.977|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.778| 0.470| 0.932|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.675| 0.469| 0.831|
```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 1.6008 1.5041 1.0643 0.2872
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 1.1328, p-val = 0.2872
```
Test of difference in specificity for comorbidity vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.5198 0.8262 -0.6291 0.5293
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.3958, p-val = 0.5293
```
<h3>Neurotypical Only vs Clinical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled Neurotypical
with those students that were labelled Clinical. If the study was not
labelled with either, or was labelled with both, it is not included.N Studies = 3 <p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.593| 0.121| 0.939|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.878| 0.553| 0.977|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.778| 0.470| 0.932|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.675| 0.469| 0.831|
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 6; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 3)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 1.3801 1.1748 3 no sens
tau^2.2 0.2764 0.5257 3 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 3
spec -1.0000 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 2) = 7.9550, p-val = 0.0187
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 45.6430, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.9781 0.9010 2.1954 0.0281 0.2121
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 0.3773 1.2043 0.3133 0.7541 -1.9831
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.7330 0.4381 1.6732 0.0943 -0.1256
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.2528 0.7005 1.7884 0.0737 -0.1202
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 3.7440 *
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 2.7377
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 1.5916 .
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 2.6257 .
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs clinical <p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -1.6008 1.5041 -1.0643 0.2872
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 1.1328, p-val = 0.2872
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs clinical<p><h2>neuropsycho_tests</h2><br>N Studies = 22 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 44; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 22)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.5754 0.7586 22 no sens
tau^2.2 0.3388 0.5820 22 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 22
spec -0.4975 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 42) = 198.3373, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 147.1508, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
outcomesens 1.1360 0.1837 6.1835 <.0001 0.7759 1.4960 ***
outcomespec 1.0897 0.1490 7.3119 <.0001 0.7976 1.3818 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
**I-squared for Sensitivity:** 56.97%<p>**I-squared for Specificity:** 33.54%<p>
<h3>Discrepant Studies</h3><br>Discrepant studies are those where the value for
sensitivity and specificity that we calculate are > 1% different
than the value that is in the paper.
|ID | sensitivity_neuropsycho_tests| sens_calculated| specificity_neuropsycho_tests| spec_calculated| true_positive_neuropsycho_tests| false_positive_neuropsycho_tests| true_negative_neuropsycho_tests| false_negative_neuropsycho_tests| total_positive|
|:---------------------|-----------------------------:|---------------:|-----------------------------:|---------------:|-------------------------------:|--------------------------------:|-------------------------------:|--------------------------------:|--------------:|
|Schreiber, 1999{#818} | 75| 83| 81| 72| 15| 5| 13| 3| 16|
|Corbett, 1999{#15056} | 81| 93| 82| 60| 25| 6| 9| 2| 11|
<h3>Neurotypical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled as Neurotypical
with all other studies.```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 44; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 22)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.6212 0.7881 22 no sens
tau^2.2 0.2323 0.4820 22 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 22
spec -0.5903 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 40) = 176.7605, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 192.9916, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.0857 0.2903 3.7399 0.0002 0.5167
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.1946 0.2500 4.7789 <.0001 0.7046
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.7256 0.2047 3.5452 0.0004 0.3244
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.3329 0.1686 7.9074 <.0001 1.0025
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.6547 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.6845 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 1.1267 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.6633 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:---------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens | 0.748| 0.626| 0.840|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens | 0.768| 0.669| 0.844|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec | 0.674| 0.580| 0.755|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec | 0.791| 0.732| 0.841|
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.1088 0.3831 0.2841 0.7763
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.0807, p-val = 0.7763
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.6073 0.2651 2.2905 0.0220 *
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 5.2466, p-val = 0.0220
```
<h3>Comorbiditises Only</h3><p>Compare co-NA studies with any other comborbidity. <p>N Studies = 22 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 44; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 22)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.4410 0.6641 22 no sens
tau^2.2 0.3565 0.5971 22 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 22
spec -0.7183 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 40) = 176.8759, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 218.5024, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 1.1867 0.1690 7.0220 <.0001 0.8555
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens -0.4480 0.7157 -0.6260 0.5313 -1.8508
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.0975 0.1554 7.0643 <.0001 0.7930
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 0.7932 0.6580 1.2056 0.2280 -0.4964
ci.ub
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 1.5179 ***
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 0.9548
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.4020 ***
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 2.0828
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for comorbidity vs not<p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.766| 0.702| 0.820|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.390| 0.136| 0.722|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.750| 0.688| 0.803|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.689| 0.378| 0.889|
```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -1.6347 0.7354 -2.2229 0.0262 *
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 4.9412, p-val = 0.0262
```
Test of difference in specificity for comorbidity vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.3043 0.6761 -0.4501 0.6526
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.2026, p-val = 0.6526
```
<h3>Neurotypical Only vs Clinical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled Neurotypical
with those students that were labelled Clinical. If the study was not
labelled with either, or was labelled with both, it is not included.N Studies = 22 <p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.766| 0.702| 0.820|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.390| 0.136| 0.722|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.750| 0.688| 0.803|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.689| 0.378| 0.889|
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 38; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 19)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.6015 0.7755 19 no sens
tau^2.2 0.1420 0.3768 19 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 19
spec -0.5519 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 34) = 127.5632, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 184.4401, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.2375 0.3320 3.7276 0.0002 0.5868
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.3269 0.2599 5.1054 <.0001 0.8175
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.4600 0.1981 2.3228 0.0202 0.0719
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.3128 0.1517 8.6515 <.0001 1.0154
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.8881 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.8363 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.8482 *
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.6102 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs clinical <p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.0894 0.4216 0.2121 0.8320
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.0450, p-val = 0.8320
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs clinical<p><h2>neuroimaging</h2><br>N Studies = 12 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 24; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 12)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.8270 0.9094 12 no sens
tau^2.2 0.2196 0.4686 12 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 12
spec 0.5684 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 22) = 121.6357, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 64.7901, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
outcomesens 1.4323 0.2923 4.8994 <.0001 0.8593 2.0053 ***
outcomespec 1.3788 0.1752 7.8702 <.0001 1.0354 1.7222 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
**I-squared for Sensitivity:** 72.35%<p>**I-squared for Specificity:** 19.21%<p>
<h3>Discrepant Studies</h3><br>Discrepant studies are those where the value for
sensitivity and specificity that we calculate are > 1% different
than the value that is in the paper.
|ID | sensitivity_neuroimaging| sens_calculated| specificity_neuroimaging| spec_calculated| true_positive_neuroimaging| false_positive_neuroimaging| true_negative_neuroimaging| false_negative_neuroimaging| total_positive|
|:---------------------|------------------------:|---------------:|------------------------:|---------------:|--------------------------:|---------------------------:|--------------------------:|---------------------------:|--------------:|
|Kautzky, 2020{#14586} | 65| 62| 76| 77| 10| 5| 17| 6| 23|
<h3>Neurotypical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled as Neurotypical
with all other studies.```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 24; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 12)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 1.0485 1.0240 12 no sens
tau^2.2 0.5508 0.7421 12 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 12
spec 0.7618 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 20) = 92.4254, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 39.3287, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.2386 0.7778 1.5923 0.1113 -0.2860
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.5259 0.3547 4.3019 <.0001 0.8307
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 2.0096 0.6165 3.2596 0.0011 0.8013
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.3830 0.2683 5.1545 <.0001 0.8571
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 2.7631
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 2.2212 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 3.2180 **
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.9088 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:---------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens | 0.775| 0.429| 0.941|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens | 0.821| 0.697| 0.902|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec | 0.882| 0.690| 0.962|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec | 0.799| 0.702| 0.871|
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.2874 0.8549 0.3362 0.7368
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.1130, p-val = 0.7368
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.6266 0.6724 -0.9320 0.3513
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.8686, p-val = 0.3513
```
<h3>Comorbiditises Only</h3><p>Compare co-NA studies with any other comborbidity. <p>N Studies = 12 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 24; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 12)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 1.0457 1.0226 12 no sens
tau^2.2 0.3618 0.6015 12 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 12
spec 0.6317 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 20) = 118.8641, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 47.8778, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 1.4806 0.3391 4.3659 <.0001 0.8159
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 1.3049 1.0607 1.2302 0.2186 -0.7740
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.4196 0.2205 6.4375 <.0001 0.9874
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 1.4718 0.6705 2.1951 0.0282 0.1576
ci.ub
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 2.1453 ***
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 3.3839
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.8518 ***
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 2.7860 *
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for comorbidity vs not<p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.815| 0.693| 0.895|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.787| 0.316| 0.967|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.805| 0.729| 0.864|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.813| 0.539| 0.942|
```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.1757 1.1136 -0.1578 0.8746
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.0249, p-val = 0.8746
```
Test of difference in specificity for comorbidity vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.0522 0.7058 0.0739 0.9411
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.0055, p-val = 0.9411
```
<h3>Neurotypical Only vs Clinical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled Neurotypical
with those students that were labelled Clinical. If the study was not
labelled with either, or was labelled with both, it is not included.N Studies = 12 <p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.815| 0.693| 0.895|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.787| 0.316| 0.967|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.805| 0.729| 0.864|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.813| 0.539| 0.942|
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 24; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 12)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 1.0485 1.0240 12 no sens
tau^2.2 0.5508 0.7421 12 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 12
spec 0.7618 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 20) = 92.4254, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 39.3287, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.2386 0.7778 1.5923 0.1113 -0.2860
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.5259 0.3547 4.3019 <.0001 0.8307
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 2.0096 0.6165 3.2596 0.0011 0.8013
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.3830 0.2683 5.1545 <.0001 0.8571
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 2.7631
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 2.2212 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 3.2180 **
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.9088 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs clinical <p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.2874 0.8549 0.3362 0.7368
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.1130, p-val = 0.7368
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs clinical<p><h2>clinician_interview</h2><br>N Studies = 5 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 10; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 5)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.9227 0.9606 5 no sens
tau^2.2 1.3269 1.1519 5 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 5
spec -1.0000 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 8) = 182.4182, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 355.4641, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
outcomesens 2.1993 0.4601 4.7795 <.0001 1.2974 3.1011 ***
outcomespec 1.0338 0.5355 1.9306 0.0535 -0.0157 2.0833 .
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
**I-squared for Sensitivity:** 39.56%<p>**I-squared for Specificity:** 56.89%<p>
<h3>Discrepant Studies</h3><br>Discrepant studies are those where the value for
sensitivity and specificity that we calculate are > 1% different
than the value that is in the paper.No discrepant studies. <p><h3>Neurotypical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled as Neurotypical
with all other studies.```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 10; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 5)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.9593 0.9794 5 no sens
tau^2.2 1.3354 1.1556 5 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 5
spec -1.0000 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 6) = 178.6452, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 361.8111, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 2.3766 0.5136 4.6274 <.0001 1.3700
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 2.1972 1.2308 1.7852 0.0742 -0.2151
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.7845 0.5896 1.3305 0.1833 -0.3711
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 2.9444 1.3644 2.1580 0.0309 0.2702
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 3.3832 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 4.6095 .
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 1.9401
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 5.6187 *
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:---------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens | 0.915| 0.797| 0.967|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens | 0.900| 0.446| 0.990|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec | 0.687| 0.408| 0.874|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec | 0.950| 0.567| 0.996|
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.1793 1.3336 -0.1345 0.8930
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.0181, p-val = 0.8930
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 2.1599 1.4864 1.4531 0.1462
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 2.1116, p-val = 0.1462
```
<h3>Comorbiditises Only</h3><p>Compare co-NA studies with any other comborbidity. <p>N Studies = 5 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 10; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 5)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.4213 0.6491 5 no sens
tau^2.2 1.3319 1.1541 5 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 5
spec -1.0000 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 6) = 28.7913, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 304.7048, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 2.6203 0.4087 6.4115 <.0001 1.8193
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 1.0912 0.6716 1.6248 0.1042 -0.2251
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 0.7724 0.6118 1.2625 0.2068 -0.4267
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 2.3087 1.1589 1.9921 0.0464 0.0372
ci.ub
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 3.4213 ***
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 2.4075
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.9716
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 4.5801 *
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for comorbidity vs not<p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.932| 0.860| 0.968|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.749| 0.444| 0.917|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.684| 0.395| 0.878|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.910| 0.509| 0.990|
```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -1.5291 0.7862 -1.9451 0.0518 .
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 3.7833, p-val = 0.0518
```
Test of difference in specificity for comorbidity vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 1.5363 1.3105 1.1723 0.2411
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 1.3742, p-val = 0.2411
```
<h3>Neurotypical Only vs Clinical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled Neurotypical
with those students that were labelled Clinical. If the study was not
labelled with either, or was labelled with both, it is not included.N Studies = 5 <p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.932| 0.860| 0.968|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.749| 0.444| 0.917|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.684| 0.395| 0.878|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.910| 0.509| 0.990|
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 8; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 4)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.9593 0.9794 4 no sens
tau^2.2 1.3354 1.1556 4 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 4
spec -1.0000 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 6) = 178.6452, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 337.9243, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 2.3766 0.5136 4.6274 <.0001 1.3700
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.7845 0.5896 1.3305 0.1833 -0.3711
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 3.3832 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 1.9401
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs clinical <p>```
NA
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs clinical<p><h2>combination</h2><br>N Studies = 13 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 26; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 13)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.6132 0.7830 13 no sens
tau^2.2 0.1118 0.3344 13 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 13
spec 0.2736 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 24) = 116.5486, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 127.6481, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
outcomesens 1.5008 0.2523 5.9489 <.0001 1.0063 1.9952 ***
outcomespec 1.5146 0.1447 10.4699 <.0001 1.2311 1.7981 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
**I-squared for Sensitivity:** 73.86%<p>**I-squared for Specificity:** 13.47%<p>
<h3>Discrepant Studies</h3><br>Discrepant studies are those where the value for
sensitivity and specificity that we calculate are > 1% different
than the value that is in the paper.No discrepant studies. <p><h3>Neurotypical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled as Neurotypical
with all other studies.```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 26; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 13)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.6427 0.8017 13 no sens
tau^2.2 0.1342 0.3664 13 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 13
spec 0.2152 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 22) = 110.5529, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 119.8333, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.7649 0.4156 4.2465 <.0001 0.9503
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.3425 0.3272 4.1030 <.0001 0.7012
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 1.5595 0.2546 6.1243 <.0001 1.0604
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.4803 0.1896 7.8087 <.0001 1.1088
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 2.5795 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.9837 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 2.0586 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.8518 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:---------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens | 0.854| 0.721| 0.930|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens | 0.793| 0.668| 0.879|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec | 0.826| 0.743| 0.887|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec | 0.815| 0.752| 0.864|
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.4225 0.5290 -0.7987 0.4245
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.6379, p-val = 0.4245
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.0792 0.3175 -0.2494 0.8030
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.0622, p-val = 0.8030
```
<h3>Comorbiditises Only</h3><p>Compare co-NA studies with any other comborbidity. <p>N Studies = 13 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 26; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 13)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.6184 0.7864 13 no sens
tau^2.2 0.1329 0.3646 13 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 13
spec 0.2639 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 22) = 109.8885, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 119.2274, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 1.4418 0.2627 5.4879 <.0001 0.9269
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 2.2773 0.9456 2.4084 0.0160 0.4240
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.5156 0.1575 9.6232 <.0001 1.2069
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 1.4881 0.5550 2.6811 0.0073 0.4003
ci.ub
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 1.9568 ***
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens 4.1305 *
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.8243 ***
has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec 2.5759 **
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for comorbidity vs not<p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.809| 0.716| 0.876|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.907| 0.604| 0.984|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.820| 0.770| 0.861|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.816| 0.599| 0.929|
```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 0.8354 0.9814 0.8513 0.3946
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.7247, p-val = 0.3946
```
Test of difference in specificity for comorbidity vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec + has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.0275 0.5769 -0.0477 0.9619
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.0023, p-val = 0.9619
```
<h3>Neurotypical Only vs Clinical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled Neurotypical
with those students that were labelled Clinical. If the study was not
labelled with either, or was labelled with both, it is not included.N Studies = 13 <p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.809| 0.716| 0.876|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomesens | 0.907| 0.604| 0.984|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.820| 0.770| 0.861|
|has_comorbidityTRUE:outcomespec | 0.816| 0.599| 0.929|
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 26; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 13)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.6427 0.8017 13 no sens
tau^2.2 0.1342 0.3664 13 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 13
spec 0.2152 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 22) = 110.5529, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 119.8333, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.7649 0.4156 4.2465 <.0001 0.9503
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.3425 0.3272 4.1030 <.0001 0.7012
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 1.5595 0.2546 6.1243 <.0001 1.0604
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.4803 0.1896 7.8087 <.0001 1.1088
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 2.5795 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.9837 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 2.0586 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.8518 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs clinical <p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.4225 0.5290 -0.7987 0.4245
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 0.6379, p-val = 0.4245
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs clinical<p><h2>biomarker</h2><br>N Studies = 9 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 18; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 9)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.6201 0.7875 9 no sens
tau^2.2 0.6811 0.8253 9 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 9
spec -0.3952 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 16) = 105.3041, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 36.4277, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
outcomesens 1.3361 0.3072 4.3487 <.0001 0.7339 1.9383 ***
outcomespec 0.8084 0.3073 2.6309 0.0085 0.2062 1.4106 **
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
**I-squared for Sensitivity:** 45.51%<p>**I-squared for Specificity:** 49.99%<p>
<h3>Discrepant Studies</h3><br>Discrepant studies are those where the value for
sensitivity and specificity that we calculate are > 1% different
than the value that is in the paper.
|ID | sensitivity_biomarker| sens_calculated| specificity_biomarker| spec_calculated| true_positive_biomarker| false_positive_biomarker| true_negative_biomarker| false_negative_biomarker| total_positive|
|:---------------------|---------------------:|---------------:|---------------------:|---------------:|-----------------------:|------------------------:|-----------------------:|------------------------:|--------------:|
|Kautzky, 2020{#14586} | 71| 69| 80| 82| 11| 4| 18| 5| 23|
<h3>Neurotypical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled as Neurotypical
with all other studies.```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 18; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 9)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.1466 0.3829 9 no sens
tau^2.2 0.2081 0.4561 9 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 9
spec 0.9475 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 14) = 77.9649, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 54.8867, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 2.0115 0.5710 3.5226 0.0004 0.8923
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.0790 0.1782 6.0558 <.0001 0.7298
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec -0.8141 0.5032 -1.6179 0.1057 -1.8004
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 0.9843 0.2047 4.8079 <.0001 0.5830
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 3.1307 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.4283 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.1721
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.3855 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:---------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens | 0.882| 0.709| 0.958|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens | 0.746| 0.675| 0.807|
|neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec | 0.307| 0.142| 0.543|
|neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec | 0.728| 0.642| 0.800|
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.9325 0.5982 -1.5588 0.1190
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 2.4300, p-val = 0.1190
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs not<p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: 1.7984 0.5433 3.3104 0.0009 ***
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 10.9588, p-val = 0.0009
```
<h3>Comorbiditises Only</h3><p>Compare co-NA studies with any other comborbidity. <p>N Studies = 9 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 18; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 9)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.6201 0.7875 9 no sens
tau^2.2 0.6811 0.8253 9 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 9
spec -0.3952 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 16) = 105.3041, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 36.4277, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 1.3361 0.3072 4.3487 <.0001 0.7339
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 0.8084 0.3073 2.6309 0.0085 0.2062
ci.ub
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 1.9383 ***
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.4106 **
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for comorbidity vs not<p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.792| 0.676| 0.874|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.692| 0.551| 0.804|
```
NA
```
Test of difference in specificity for comorbidity vs not<p>```
NA
```
<h3>Neurotypical Only vs Clinical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled Neurotypical
with those students that were labelled Clinical. If the study was not
labelled with either, or was labelled with both, it is not included.N Studies = 9 <p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.792| 0.676| 0.874|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.692| 0.551| 0.804|
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 16; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 8)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.1479 0.3845 8 no sens
tau^2.2 0.2769 0.5262 8 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 8
spec 1.0000 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 12) = 71.7834, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:4):
QM(df = 4) = 44.6989, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 1.9854 0.5706 3.4796 0.0005 0.8671
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.0230 0.1974 5.1836 <.0001 0.6362
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec -0.7885 0.5461 -1.4440 0.1487 -1.8588
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.1144 0.2535 4.3967 <.0001 0.6176
ci.ub
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens 3.1037 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.4098 ***
neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomespec 0.2818
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.6112 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs clinical <p>```
Hypothesis:
1: -neurotypical_modFALSE:outcomesens + neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens = 0
Results:
estimate se zval pval
1: -0.9624 0.6038 -1.5941 0.1109
Test of Hypothesis:
QM(df = 1) = 2.5411, p-val = 0.1109
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs clinical<p><h2>EEG</h2><br>N Studies = 13 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 26; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 13)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.5297 0.7278 13 no sens
tau^2.2 0.8992 0.9482 13 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 13
spec 0.7678 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 24) = 160.3816, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 60.4037, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
outcomesens 1.8907 0.2480 7.6234 <.0001 1.4046 2.3768 ***
outcomespec 1.7133 0.2991 5.7286 <.0001 1.1271 2.2994 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
**I-squared for Sensitivity:** 34.07%<p>**I-squared for Specificity:** 57.84%<p>
<h3>Discrepant Studies</h3><br>Discrepant studies are those where the value for
sensitivity and specificity that we calculate are > 1% different
than the value that is in the paper.
|ID | sensitivity_EEG| sens_calculated| specificity_EEG| spec_calculated| true_positive_EEG| false_positive_EEG| true_negative_EEG| false_negative_EEG| total_positive|
|:----------------|---------------:|---------------:|---------------:|---------------:|-----------------:|------------------:|-----------------:|------------------:|--------------:|
|Poil, 2014{#722} | 67| 64| 83| 84| 7| 4| 21| 4| 25|
<h3>Neurotypical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled as Neurotypical
with all other studies.No variation in neurotypical - comparison not progressing.
<h3>Comorbiditises Only</h3><p>Compare co-NA studies with any other comborbidity. <p>N Studies = 13 <p>
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 26; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 13)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.5297 0.7278 13 no sens
tau^2.2 0.8992 0.9482 13 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 13
spec 0.7678 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 24) = 160.3816, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 60.4037, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 1.8907 0.2480 7.6234 <.0001 1.4046
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 1.7133 0.2991 5.7286 <.0001 1.1271
ci.ub
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens 2.3768 ***
has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec 2.2994 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for comorbidity vs not<p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.869| 0.803| 0.915|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.847| 0.755| 0.909|
```
NA
```
Test of difference in specificity for comorbidity vs not<p>```
NA
```
<h3>Neurotypical Only vs Clinical Only</h3><p>This section compares those studies which were labelled Neurotypical
with those students that were labelled Clinical. If the study was not
labelled with either, or was labelled with both, it is not included.N Studies = 13 <p>
| | Estimate_Prob| Lower_CI| Upper_CI|
|:--------------------------------|-------------:|--------:|--------:|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomesens | 0.869| 0.803| 0.915|
|has_comorbidityFALSE:outcomespec | 0.847| 0.755| 0.909|
```
Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 24; method: REML)
Variance Components:
outer factor: study (nlvls = 12)
inner factor: outcome (nlvls = 2)
estim sqrt k.lvl fixed level
tau^2.1 0.6038 0.7771 12 no sens
tau^2.2 0.9468 0.9730 12 no spec
rho.sens rho.spec sens spec
sens 1 - 12
spec 0.7656 1 no -
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 22) = 157.4633, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 1:2):
QM(df = 2) = 50.7133, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval ci.lb
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 1.8917 0.2697 7.0140 <.0001 1.3631
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 1.6625 0.3184 5.2206 <.0001 1.0383
ci.ub
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomesens 2.4204 ***
neurotypical_modTRUE:outcomespec 2.2866 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
```
Test of difference in sensitivity for neurotypical vs clinical <p>```
NA
```
Test of difference in specificity for neurotypical vs clinical<p>
